¹tn Here kaiv (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
²tn Grk “a reed” (but these were used for measuring). Cf. Ezek 40:3ff.
³tn Grk “saying.”
⁴tn Here kaiv (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
⁵tn On the term aujlhvn (aulhn) BDAG 150 s.v. aujlhv 1 states, “(outer) court of the temple…Rv 11:2.”
⁶tn The precise meaning of the phrase e[kbale e[xwqen (ekbale exwqen) is difficult to determine.
⁷tn Or “to the nations” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
⁸sn The holy city appears to be a reference to Jerusalem. See also Luke 21:24.
⁹tn The word “authority” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. “Power” would be another alternative that could be supplied here.
¹⁰sn This description is parenthetical in nature.
¹¹tn Here kaiv (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
¹²tn This is a collective singular in Greek.
¹³tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of katesqivw (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”
¹⁴tn Here kaiv (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
¹⁵tn Or “authority.”
¹⁶tn Grk “the days.”
¹⁷tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here kaiv (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
¹⁸tn Or “authority.”
¹⁹tn Here kaiv (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
²⁰tn Or “be victorious over”; traditionally, “overcome.”
²¹tn Here kaiv (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
²²tn The Greek word platei'a (plateia) refers to a major (broad) street (L&N 1.103).
²³tn Grk “spiritually.”
²⁴tn The word “every” is not in the Greek text, but is implied by the following list.
²⁵tn The Greek term kaiv (kai) has not been translated before this and the following items in the list, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
²⁶tn Or “to be buried.”
²⁷tn Here kaiv (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
²⁸tn Grk “fell upon.”
²⁹tn Here kaiv (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
³⁰tn Though the nearest antecedent to the subject of h[kousan (hkousan) is the people (“those who were watching them”), it could also be (based on what immediately follows) that the two prophets are the ones who heard the voice.
³¹tn Grk “they”; the referent (the two prophets) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
³²tn The conjunction kaiv (kai) seems to be introducing a temporal clause contemporaneous in time with the preceding clause.
³³tn Here kaiv (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
³⁴tn Grk “seven thousand names of men.”
³⁵tn Grk “has passed.”
³⁶tn Here kaiv (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
³⁷tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
³⁸tn Here kaiv (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
³⁹tn Grk “they fell down on their faces.” BDAG 815 s.v. pivptw 1.b.a.b. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
⁴⁰tn Grk “saying.”
⁴¹tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. pantokravtwr states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(oJ) kuvrio" oJ qeoV" oJ p. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
⁴²tn The aorist verb ejbasivleusa" (ebasileusa") has been translated ingressively.
⁴³tn Here kaiv (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
⁴⁴tn Or “The Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
⁴⁵tn Here kaiv (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
⁴⁶tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
⁴⁷tn Grk “who fear.”
⁴⁸tn The words “the time has come” do not occur except at the beginning of the verse; the phrase has been repeated for emphasis and contrast. The Greek has one finite verb (“has come”) with a compound subject (“your wrath,” “the time”), followed by three infinitive clauses (“to be judged,” “to give,” “to destroy”). The rhetorical power of the repetition of the finite verb in English thus emulates the rhetorical power of its lone instance in Greek.
⁴⁹tn Or “who deprave.” There is a possible wordplay here on two meanings for diafqeivrw (diafqeirw), with the first meaning “destroy” and the second meaning either “to ruin” or “to make morally corrupt.” See L&N 20.40.
⁵⁰tn Here kaiv (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence on events within the vision.
⁵¹tn Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. fwnhv 1 states, “In Rv we have ajstrapaiV kaiV fwnaiV kaiV brontaiv (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”
⁵²tn Although BDAG 1075 s.v. cavlaza gives the meaning “hail” here, it is not clear whether the adjective megavlh (megalh) refers to the intensity of the storm or the size of the individual hailstones, or both.