¹sn For the literature regarding the difficult etymology and meaning of the term for “idols” (<l!yl!a$) see the literature cited in the note on Lev 19:4 above. It appears to be a diminutive play on words with la@ (a@l, “god; God”) and, perhaps at the same time, recalls a common Semitic word for “worthless, weak, powerless, nothingness.” Snaith suggests a rendering of “worthless godlings.”
²tn Heb “on.” The “sculpted stone” appears to be some sort of stone with images carved into (see Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 181 and Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 449).
³tn Heb “and my sanctuary you shall fear.”
⁴tn Heb “and my commandments you shall keep and do them.” This appears to be a kind of verbal hendiadys, where the first verb is a modifier of the action of the second verb (see GKC §120.d, although rmv [“to keep”] is not cited there; cf. Lev 20:8; 25:18, etc.).
⁵tn Heb “and.”
⁶tn Heb “the tree of the field will give its fruit.” As a collective singular this has been translated as plural.
⁷tn Heb “will reach for you the vintage season.”
⁸tn Heb “and.”
⁹tn Heb “to satisfaction.”
¹⁰tn Heb “and.”
¹¹tn Heb “and there will be no one who terrifies.”
¹²tn Heb “harmful animal,” singular, but taken here as a collective plural.
¹³tn Heb “no sword”; the words “of war” are supplied in the translation to indicate what the metaphor of the sword represents.
¹⁴tn Heb “to the sword.”
¹⁵tn Heb “cause to arise,” but probably used here for the Lord’s intention of confirming or maintaining the covenant commitment made a Sinai.
¹⁶tn Heb “old [produce] growing old.”
¹⁷tn Heb “and old from the presence of new you will bring out.”
¹⁸tn LXX codexes Vaticanus and Alexandrinus have “my covenant” rather than “my tabernacle.”
¹⁹tn Heb “and my soul [vp#n\] will not abhor you.”
²⁰tn Heb “from being to them slaves.”
²¹tn Heb “And if.”
²²tn Heb “and do not do.”
²³tn Heb “to not do.”
²⁴tn Or “I also” (see HALOT 76 [a]).
²⁵tn Heb “soul.” These expressions may refer either to the physical effects of consumption and fever as our rendering suggests (e.g., Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452 and 454, “diminishing eyesight and loss of appetite”), or perhaps the more psychological effects, “which exhausts the eyes” because of anxious hope “and causes depression” (Heb “causes soul [vp#n\] to pine away”) e.g., Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 185.
²⁶tn Heb “and.”
²⁷tn That is, “your enemies will eat” the produce that grows from the sown seed.
²⁸tn Heb “And if until these.”
²⁹tn Heb “I will add to discipline you seven [times] on your sins.”
³⁰tn Heb “the tree of the land will not give its fruit.” The collective singular has been translated as a plural. Targum Onqelos, some medieval Hebrew mss, the Samaritan Pentateuch, LXX, and Tg. Ps.-J. have “the field” as in v. 4, rather than “the land.”
³¹tn Heb “hostile with me,” but see the added preposition B= (bet) on the phrase “in hostility” in v. 24 and 27.
³²tn Heb “your blow, stroke.”
³³tn Heb “the animal of the field.” This collective singular has been translated as a plural. The expression “animal of the field” refers to a wild (i.e., nondomesticated) animal.
³⁴tn The words “of your children” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
³⁵tn Heb “and diminish you.”
³⁶tn Heb “And if in these.”
³⁷tn Heb “with me,” but see the added preposition B= (bet) on the phrase “in hostility” in vv. 24 and 27.
³⁸tn Heb “and I myself will also strike you.”
³⁹tn Heb “vengeance of covenant.”
⁴⁰tn Heb “and,” the vav being concessive in this context.
⁴¹tn Heb “in hand of enemy,” but Tg. Ps.-J. and Tg. Neof. have “in the hands of your enemies” (Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 454).
⁴²tn Heb “When I break to you staff of bread.”
⁴³tn Heb “they will return your bread in weight.”
⁴⁴tn Heb “And if in this.”
⁴⁵tn Heb “with me.”
⁴⁶tn Heb “in rage of hostility with you.”
⁴⁷tn Heb “and the flesh of your daughters you will eat.” The phrase “you will eat” has not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
⁴⁸sn Regarding these cultic installations see the remarks in Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 188 and NIDOTTE 2:903 §29. The term rendered “incense altars” might better be rendered “sanctuaries [of foreign deities]” or “stelae.”
⁴⁹tn The translation reflects the Hebrew wordplay “your corpses…the corpses of your idols.” Since idols, being lifeless, do not really have “corpses,” the word has been placed in quotation marks to indicate its figurative use here.
⁵⁰tn Heb “and my soul will abhor you.”
⁵¹tn Heb “And I will give your cities a waste.”
⁵²tn Heb “and I will empty sword” (see HALOT 1228 [a]).
⁵³tn There are two Hebrew roots hxr, one meaning “to be pleased with; to take pleasure” (HALOT 1280-81; cf. “enjoy” in NASB, NIV, NRSV, and Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452), and the other meaning “to restore” (HALOT 1281-82; cf. NAB “retrieve” and Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 189 “make up for”).
⁵⁴tn Heb “it shall rest which it did not rest.”
⁵⁵tn Heb “And.”
⁵⁶tn Heb “and,” but used in a concessive sense here.
⁵⁷tn The term rendered “to stand up” is a noun, not an infinitive. It occurs only here and appears to designate someone who would take a powerful stand for them against their enemies.
⁵⁸tn Heb “in” (also later in this verse).
⁵⁹tn Heb “fathers’” (also in the following verse).
⁶⁰tn Heb “And.” Many English versions take this to be a conditional clause (“if…”) though there is no conditional particle (see, e.g., NASB, NIV, NRSV; but see the very different rendering in Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 190). The temporal translation offered here (“when”) takes into account the particle za* (“then”), which occurs twice in v. 41. The obvious contextual contrast between vv. 39 and 40 is expressed by “however” in the translation.
⁶¹tn Heb “in their trespassing which they trespassed in me.” See the note on Lev 5:15, although the term is used in a more technical sense there in relation to the “guilt offering.”
⁶²tn Heb “and also which they walked.”
⁶³tn Heb “with me.”
⁶⁴tn Heb “or then,” although the LXX has “then” and the Syriac “and then.”
⁶⁵tn Heb “and then they make up for.” On the verb “make up for” see the note on v. 34 above.
⁶⁶tn Heb “my covenant with Abraham I will remember.” The phrase “I will remember” has not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
⁶⁷tn Heb “from them.” The preposition “from” refers here to the agent of the action (Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 455).
⁶⁸tn The jussive form of the verb with the simple vav here calls for a translation that expresses purpose.
⁶⁹tn The verb is the Hophal infinitive construct with the third feminine singular suffix (GKC §67.y; cf. v. 34).
⁷⁰tn Heb “from them.”
⁷¹tn Heb “because and in because,” a double expression, which is used only here and in Ezek 13:10 (without the vav) for emphasis (GKC §158.b).
⁷²tn Heb “and their soul has abhorred.”
⁷³tn Heb “covenant of former ones.”
sn For similar expressions referring back to the ancestors who refused to follow the stipulations of the Mosaic covenant see, for example, Deut 19:14, Jer 11:10, and Ps 79:8 (see Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 192 and Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 471).
⁷⁴tn Heb “gave.”
⁷⁵tn Heb “by the hand of.”