¹tn Heb “these are them, my appointed times.”
sn The term du@om rendered “appointed time” here can refer to either a time or place of meeting. See the note on “tent of meeting” (du@om lh#a)) in Lev 1:1.
²tn This is a superlative expression, emphasizing the full and all inclusive rest of the Sabbath and certain festival times throughout the chapter (see Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 155).
³tn Heb “between the two evenings,” perhaps designating the time between the setting of the sun and the true darkness of night.
sn See Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC]. 156 for a full discussion of the issues raised in this verse. The rabbinic tradition places the slaughter of Passover offerings between approximately 3:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., not precisely at twilight. Moreover, the term js^P# may mean “protective offering” rather than “Passover offering,” although they amount to about the same thing in the historical context of the exodus from Egypt (see Exod 11-12).
⁴tn Heb “to this month.”
⁵tn Heb “work of service.”
⁶tn Heb “and you harvest its harvest.”
⁷tn Heb “the sheaf of the first of your harvest.”
⁸tn Heb “for your acceptance.”
⁹sn See Lev 7:30 for a note on the “waving” of a “wave offering.”
¹⁰tn Heb “And you shall make in the day of your waving the sheaf.”
¹¹tn Heb “a flawless lamb, a son of its year.”
¹²sn See the note on Lev 5:11.
¹³sn See the note on Lev 2:1.
¹⁴sn See the note on Lev 1:9.
¹⁵sn Heb “wine, one fourth of the hin.” A pre-exilic hin is about 3.6 liters (= ca. 1 quart), so one fourth of a hin would be about one cup.
¹⁶tn Heb “until the bone of this day.”
¹⁷tn Heb “for your generations.”
¹⁸tn Heb “seven Sabbaths, they shall be complete.” The disjunctive accent under “Sabbaths” keeps us from translating “seven complete Sabbaths” (contrast NASB and NIV with NRSV). The text is somewhat awkward, which may explain why the LXX tradition is confused here, either adding “you shall count” again at the end of the verse, or leaving out “they shall be,” or keeping “they shall be” and adding “to you.”
¹⁹tn Heb “and.”
²⁰tc The Samaritan Pentateuch, LXX, Syriac, Targum Onqelos, and Tg. Ps.-J. insert the word toLj^ “loaves” (cf. Lev 2:4 and the note there). Even though “loaves” is not explicit in the MT, the number “two” suggests that these are discrete units, not just a measure of flour, so “loaves” should be assumed even in the MT.
²¹tn Heb “And you shall present on the bread.”
²²tn Heb “seven flawless lambs, sons of a year.”
²³tn Heb “and one bull, a son of a herd.”
²⁴tc The Samaritan Pentateuch and LXX add “flawless.”
²⁵tn Heb “and their grain offering.”
²⁶sn See the note on Lev 1:9.
²⁷tn Heb “And you shall make.”
²⁸tn Heb “a he-goat of goats.”
²⁹tn The Samaritan Pentateuch and LXX have the Hebrew article on “lambs.” The syntax of this verse is difficult. The object of the verb (two lambs) is far removed from the verb itself (shall wave) in the MT, and the preposition lu^ (“upon”), rendered “along with” in this verse, is also added to the far removed subject (literally, “upon [the] two lambs”; see Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 159). It is clear, however, that the two lambs and the loaves (along with their associated grain and drink offerings) constituted the “wave offering,” which served as the prebend “for the priest.” Burnt and sin offerings (vv. 18-19a) were not included in this (see Lev 7:11-14, 28-36).
³⁰tn Heb “And you shall proclaim [an assembly] in the bone of this day; a holy assembly it shall be to you” (see the remarks in Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 160, and the remarks on the LXX rendering in Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 367).
³¹tn Heb “for your generations.”
³²tn Heb “And when you harvest the harvest.”
³³tn Heb “you shall not complete the corner of your field in your harvest.”
³⁴sn Compare Lev 19:9-10.
³⁵tn Heb “a memorial of loud blasts.” Although the term for “horn” does not occur here, allowing for the possibility that vocal “shouts” of acclamation are envisioned (see Budd, Leviticus, NCBC, 325), the “blast” of the shophar (made from a ram’s “horn”) is most likely what is intended. On this occasion, the loud blasts on the horn announced the coming of the new year on the first day of the seventh month (see the explanations in Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 387 and Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 160).
³⁶tn Heb “and.”
³⁷tn Heb “Surely the tenth day” or perhaps “Precisely the tenth day.” The Hebrew adverbial particle Ea^ (a^E) is left untranslated by most recent English translations.
³⁸sn See the description of this day and its regulations in Lev 16 and the notes there.
³⁹tn Heb “you shall humble your souls.” See the note on Lev 16:29 above.
⁴⁰tn Heb “in the bone of this day.”
⁴¹tn Heb “on you [plural].”
⁴²tn The particular yK! is taken in an asseverative sense here (“Indeed,” see the NJPS translation).
⁴³tn Heb “it [i.e., that person; literally “soul,” feminine] shall be cut off from its peoples [plural].”
⁴⁴tn Heb “And any person.”
⁴⁵tn See HALOT 3.
⁴⁶tn Heb “its people” (“its” is feminine to agree with “person,” literally “soul,” which is feminine in Hebrew; cf. v. 29).
⁴⁷tn Heb “for your generations.”
⁴⁸tn Heb “you shall rest your Sabbath.”
⁴⁹tn The rendering “booths” (cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV) is probably better than the traditional “tabernacles” in light of the meaning of the term hK*s% (“hut; booth”), but “booths” are frequently associated with trade shows and craft fairs in contemporary American English. The nature of the celebration during this feast (see the following verses) as a commemoration of the wanderings of the Israelites after they left Egypt suggests that a translation like “temporary shelters” is more appropriate.
⁵⁰tn Heb “work of service.”
⁵¹tn The Hebrew term tr\x#u& “solemn assembly [day]” derives from a root associated with restraint or closure. It could refer either to the last day as “closing assembly” day of the festival (e.g., NIV) or a special day of restraint expressed in a “solemn assembly” (e.g., NRSV).
⁵²tn The LXX has “[their] burnt offerings, and their sacrifices, and their drink offerings.”
⁵³tn Heb “a matter of a day in its day.”
⁵⁴tn Heb “from to separation.” See BDB 94 s.v. dB^ 1.e for an explanation of this phrase. This phrase is repeated in front of each of the four items in this verse in the Hebrew text, but these have not been translated into English for stylistic reasons.
⁵⁵tn Heb “Surely on the fifteenth day.” The Hebrew adverbial particle Ea^ (a^E) is left untranslated by most recent English translations.
⁵⁶tn Heb “fruit of majestic trees,” but the following terms and verses define what is meant by this expression. For extensive remarks on the celebration of this festival in history and tradition see Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 163; Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 389-390; and Budd, Leviticus, NCBC, 328-329.
⁵⁷tn Heb “for your generations.”
⁵⁸tn Heb “in the huts,” perhaps referring to temporary shelters (i.e., huts) made of the foliage referred to in v. 40 (Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 389).
⁵⁹tn Heb “in the huts.”
⁶⁰tn Heb “in the huts.” See the note on v. 42 above.
⁶¹sn Gerstenberger takes v. 44 to be an introduction to another set of festival regulations, perhaps something like those found in Exod 23:14-17 (Gerstenberger, Leviticus [OTL], 352). For others this verse reemphasizes the Mosaic authority of the preceding festival regulations (e.g., Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 390).