¹tn Heb “the animal,” but as a collective plural, and so throughout this chapter.
²tn Heb “every divider of hoof and cleaver of the cleft of hooves.”
³tn Heb “bringer up of the cud” (a few of the early versions have the copula “and” written, but it does not appear in the MT). The following verses make it clear that both dividing the hoof and chewing the cud were required; one would not be enough to make the animal suitable for eating without the other.
⁴tn Heb “this,” but as a collective plural (see the following context).
⁵sn Regarding “clean” versus “unclean,” see the note on Lev 10:10.
⁶tn Heb “because a chewer of the cud it is” (see also vv. 5 and 6).
⁷tn Heb “and hoof there is not dividing” (see also vv. 5 and 6).
⁸sn A small animal generally understood to be Hyrax syriacus; KJV, NIV “coney”; NKJV “rock hyrax”; NASB (1995 update) “shaphan.”
⁹tn See the note on Lev 11:3.
¹⁰tn The meaning and basic rendering of this clause is quite certain, but the verb for “chewing” the cud here is not the same as the preceding verses, where the expression is “to bring up the cud” (see the note on v. 3 above). It appears to be a cognate verb for the noun “cud” (hr`G}) and could mean either “to drag up” (i.e., from the Hebrew Qal of rrg meaning “to drag,” referring to the dragging the cud up and down between the stomach and mouth of the ruminant animal; so Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16 [AB], 647, 653) or “to chew” (i.e., from the Hebrew Niphal [or Qal B] of rrg used in a reciprocal sense; so Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 149, and compare BDB 176, “to chew,” with HALOT 204, “to ruminate”).
¹¹sn The regulations against touching the carcasses of dead unclean animals (contrast the restriction against eating their flesh) is treated in more detail in Lev 11:24-28 (cf. also vv. 29-40). For the time being, this chapter continues to develop the issue of what can and cannot be eaten.
¹²tn Heb “all which have fin and scale” (see also vv. 10 and 12).
¹³tn Heb “in the water, in the seas and in the streams” (see also vv. 10 and 12).
¹⁴tn For zoological remarks on the following list of birds see Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16 [AB], 662-664 and Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 159-160.
¹⁵tn Heb “and the buzzard to its kind” (see also vv. 16 and 19 for the same expression “of any kind”).
¹⁶tn Heb “every crow to its kind.”
¹⁷tn Literally, “the daughter of the wasteland.”
¹⁸tn Heb “the one walking on four” (cf. vv. 21-23 and 27-28).
¹⁹tn Heb “which to it are lower legs from above to its feet” (reading the Qere “to it” rather than the Kethib “not”).
²⁰tn For entomological remarks on the following list of insects see Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16 [AB], 665-666 and Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 160-161.
²¹tn Heb “and to these.”
²²tn Heb “to all” (cf. the note on v. 24). This and the following verses develop more fully the categories of uncleanness set forth in principle in vv. 24-25.
²³tn Heb “divides hoof and cleft it does not cleave.”
²⁴tn See the note on Lev 11:3.
²⁵sn Compare the regulations in Lev 11:2-8.
²⁶tn Heb “the one walking on four.” Compare Lev 11:20-23.
²⁷tn For zoological analyses of the list of creatures in vv. 29-30 see Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16 [AB], 671-672 and Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 161-162.
²⁸tn Heb “And all which it shall fall on it from them.”
²⁹tn Heb “in water it shall be brought.”
³⁰tn Heb “And any earthenware vessel which shall fall from them into its midst.”
³¹tn Heb “all which is in its midst.”
³²tn Heb “which water comes on it.”
³³tn This half of the verse assumes that the unclean carcass has fallen into the food or drink (cf. v. 33 and also vv. 35-38).
³⁴tn Heb “be unclean.”
³⁵tn Heb “a spring and a cistern collection of water.”
³⁶tn Heb “And if there falls from their carcass on any seed of sowing which shall be sown.”
³⁷tn This word for “animal” refers to land animal quadrupeds, not just any beast that dwells on the land (cf. 11:2).
³⁸tn Heb “which is food for you” or “which is for you to eat.”
³⁹tn Heb “goes.” The same Hebrew term is translated “walks” in the following clause.
⁴⁰tn Heb “until all multiplying of legs.”
⁴¹tn Heb “by any of the swarming things that swarm.”
⁴²tn Heb “to be to you for a God.”
⁴³sn The Hebrew term translated “law” (hr*ot Tor>) introduces here a summary or colophon for all of Lev 11. Similar summaries are found in Lev 7:37-38; 13:59; 14:54-57; and 15:32-33.
⁴⁴tn Heb “for all the creatures.”