¹sn The phrase when he defiled his father’s bed refers to Reuben having sexual relations with his father Jacob’s concubine Bilhah. This incident is recorded in Gen 35:22.
²tn Heb “and not to be listed in the genealogical records as (having) the right of the firstborn.”
³tn Heb “and [one] for a leader [was] from him.” This probably refers to the Davidic king.
⁴tn Heb “Tilgath-pilneser,” a variant spelling of Tiglath-pileser (also in v. 26).
⁵tn Heb “he”; the referent (Beerah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
⁶tn Heb “and in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagrites and they fell by their hand and they lived in their tents unto all the face of the east of Gilead.”
⁷tn Heb “and their brothers by the house of their fathers.”
⁸tn Heb “was the head of the house of their fathers.”
⁹tn Heb “unto their extremities.”
¹⁰tn Heb “the sons of Reuben and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh, from the sons of bravery, men carrying a shield and sword and treading a bow and trained for war, 44,760 going out for warfare.”
¹¹tn Heb “made war with.”
¹²tn Heb “and they were helped against them and they were given over into their hand, the Hagrites and all who were with them, for to God they cried out in the battle and he was entreated [or “allowed himself to be entreated”] by them for they trusted in him.”
¹³tn Heb “their”; the referent (the Hagrites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
¹⁴tn Heb “from God [was] the battle.”
¹⁵tn Heb “many slain fell.”
¹⁶tn Heb “and they lived in place of them until the exile.” The referent of “them” (the Hagrites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
¹⁷tn Heb “and these [were] the heads of the house of their fathers.”
¹⁸tn Heb “men of names.”
¹⁹tn Heb “fathers.”
²⁰tn Heb “prostituted themselves after.”
²¹tn Heb “the peoples of the land.”
²²tn Heb “stirred up the spirit of.”
²³tn Heb “and the spirit of Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria.” “Pul” and “Tilgath-pilneser” were names of the same Assyrian ruler, more commonly known as Tiglath-pileser (cf. 2 Kgs 15:29).